Here is a brief review of adjective clauses and relative pronouns.
An adjective clause is used to describe a noun:
The car, which was red, belonged to Young-Hee.
A relative pronoun is usually used to introduce an adjective clause:
Young-Hee, who is a Korean student, lives in Victoria.
The main relative pronouns are:
| Pronoun | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Who | used for humans in the subject position | Hans, who is an architect, lives in Berlin. |
| Whom | used for humans in the object position | Marike, whom Hans knows well, is an interior decorator. |
| Which | used for things and animals in the subject or object position | Marike has a dog which follows her everywhere. |
| That | used for humans, animals and things, in the subject or object position (but see below) | Marike is decorating a house that Hans designed. |
| Whose | used for humans, animals and things in the subject or object position to show possession | Marike, whose dog follows her everywhere, is an animal lover. |
There are two main kinds of adjective clause:
1. Non-defining clauses
Non-defining clauses give extra information about the noun, but they are not essential:
The desk in the corner, which is covered in books, is mine.
Explanation: We don't need this information in order to understand the sentence. “The desk in the corner is mine” is a good sentence on its own — we still know which desk is referred to. Note that non-defining clauses are usually separated by commas, and “that” is not usually used in this kind of context.
2. Defining clauses
Defining clauses give essential information about the noun:
The package that arrived this morning is on the desk.
Explanation: We need this information in order to understand the sentence. Without the relative clause, we don't know which package is being referred to. Note that “that” is often used in defining relative clauses, and they are not separated by commas.
When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.